Sunday, June 26

Reported Speech

A speaker's words reported in subordinate clauses governed by a reporting verb, with the required changes of person and tense (e.g. he said that he would go, based on I will go ).
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Reporting Verbs 
Verb + (Object Pronoun) + (that)                          inform us that...
         + (Object Pronoun) + to + Verb                   remind me to close...
         + (Object Pronoun) + + for + SN                 apologise for

say    said to him
tell    told her
ask    asked them
 
advise, explain, amounce, mention, reply, offer, suggest, declare, wonder

SAY vs. TELL
TELL takes a personal object ("me"; "him"; "her", etc.)
TELL is not used before questions

SAY never takes a personal object (the personal object with "to" is used instead).

         TELL + PERSONAL OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT
         She told me she was going to be late.
 
         SAY + DIRECT OBJECT + PERSONAL OBJECT WITH "TO"
         Why did she say that to you?
                                     OD     OI
*EXCEPTIONS 
There are special phrases in which TELL is followed  by the direct object:
TELL the truth
TELL lies (a lie)
TELL stories
TELL the time
TELL jokes
TELL nonsense
.
.
SUMMARY
To tell someone (not) to do something
(?) To say (not) to do something
 







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