Thursday, August 22

Grammar_Auxiliary Verbs versus Regular and Irregular Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

DO=se traduce por "hacer"cuando es un verbo principal, es decir, no funciona como auxiliar, o no se traduce cuando actua como auxiliar. Sirve para enfatizar el verbo principal.                   

BE=ser o estar.  "I am twenty years old"= Yo tengo veinte años.               

HAVE=haber

Non auxiliary Verbs
HAVE+GOT tener y HAVE+A+(Food), (drink), shower or bath=tomar.

No Personal Forms

Infinitive               to do                        to be                                  to have
                              hacer                       estar o ser                          haber, tener o tomar
      
Gerund                 doing                       being                                 having
                              haciendo                  estando o siendo               habiendo, teniendo o tomando

Participle              done                        been                                   had
                              hecho                       estado o sido                     habido, tenido o tomado
-ING RULES
consonant+vowel+consonant = C+V+CC run - running  
 
Personal Forms

Moods 
Imperative: Orders
     Present   +        Do it!                       Be quiet!                           Have a good day!
                              ¡Hazlo!                    ¡Cállate!                            ¡que tengas un buen día!

                    -        Don't do it!

Subjunctive: Advices, Desires        
     Present   +      I did                            I were                                  I had
                            Yo hiciera o hiciese    Yo fuera o fuese                  Yo hubiera o hubiese

                              You did                     You were                             You had
                               He did                      He were                               He had
                               She did                     She were                             She had
                               It did                         It were                                 It had
                               We did                      We were                              We had
                               You did                     You were                            You had
                               They did                   They were                           They had

                    -      I did not/I didn't         I were not/I weren't             I had not/I hadn't
  
    Past   +  I had done                     I had been                            I had had
                Yo hubiera/ese hecho    Yo hubiera/ese sido/estado  Yo hubiera/ese habido/tenido/tomado
                            ...

              -  I had not done/I hadn't done

If were you...
Unless...

I wish...

Indicative: Actions, Facts,...

Forms =                                 Auxiliary verb+Main verb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simple                                          do+infinitive
Continuous or Progressive           be+gerund
Perfect                                          have+perfect


    Present + - ?
    Past      + - ?
    Future  + - ?


Short answers

PRESENT
3rd person/singular -S work- works -Y Before vowel: play plays 
  -O, -S, -H, -X      -ES
go goes
kiss kisses
wash washes
relax relaxes
-Y.                         -IES
Before consonant: study studies

PAST
Regular        and       Irregular verbs  
-ED  RULES               (See the irregular verbs list)

TO PLAY                      TO GO              
TO STUDY                   TO COME
TO LOOK                     TO SEE                                       
TO WATCH

-Y RULES

Before vowel: Play - played
Before consonant: Study - studied  





    

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